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Westchester County History and Information |
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Westchester County was created in November 1, 1683 and formed as an Original County . Westchester County was named for Chester, England and the County Seat is White Plains. See also Extended History for more historical details.
The Westchester County Courthouse is located at 148 Martine Ave, Michaelian Office Bldg, White Plains , NY 10601; 914-995-2000 and the Official County Website is located at http://www.westchestergov.com.
Westchester County Borders Putnam County (North), Fairfield County, Connecticut (Northeast), Bergen County, New Jersey (Southwest), Rockland County (West), Bronx County (South) .
Westchester County Municipalities: Cities include Mount Vernon, New Rochelle, Peekskill, Rye, White Plains, Yonkers. Towns include Bedford, Cortlandt, Eastchester, Greenburgh, Harrison, Lewisboro, Mamaroneck, Mount Kisco, Mount Pleasant, New Castle, North Castle, North Salem, Ossining, Pelham, Pound Ridge, Town of Rye, Scarsdale, Somers, Yorktown. Villages include Ardsley, Briarcliff Manor, Bronxville, Buchanan, Croton-on-Hudson, Dobbs Ferry, Elmsford, Hastings-on-Hudson, Irvington, Larchmont, Mamaroneck, Ossining, Pelham, Pelham Manor, Pleasantville, Port Chester, Rye Brook, Sleepy Hollow, Tarrytown, Tuckahoe. Communities include Amawalk, Armonk, Baldwin Place, Banksville, Bedford, Bedford Hills, Bedford Village, Chappaqua, Cortlandt Manor, Crompond, Cross River, Croton Falls, Crugers, Eastchester, Eastview, Fairview, Golden's Bridge, Granite Springs, Greenville/Edgemont, Hartsdale, Hawthorne, Heritage Hills, Jefferson Valley-Yorktown, Katonah, Lake Mohegan, Lincolndale, Millwood, Montrose, Peach Lake, Pocantico Hills, Purchase, Purdys, Salem Center, Scotts Corners, Shenorock, Shrub Oak, Somers, South Salem, Thornwood, Tompkins Corners, Valhalla, Verplanck, Vista, Waccabuc, Yorktown Heights . Town Clerks are responsible for vast amounts of local information from deeds, property transfers, and genealogical materials. Research on place and road names, the history of property transfers and much more are available through your Town Clerk. They are a tremendous resources.
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See Also New York Land Records, Marriage Records, Court & Probate Records
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PLEASE READ!! Please call the clerk's department to confirm hours, mailing address, fees and other specifics before visiting or requesting information because of sometimes changing contact information. |
Westchester County Clerk has Land & Court Records from 1667-1825 and is located at
110 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.,
White Plains, NY 10601;
(914) 285-3080 .
The county clerk is the keeper of most civil and criminal trial court records for Supreme Court and County Court, naturalizations, marriages (1908–35), censuses (Some county clerks' offices hold duplicate copies of some of the State censuses taken periodically between 1825 and 1925 and copies of the federal census), as well as deeds and mortgages.
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Land conveyances (deeds and mortgages) are recorded in the county clerks' offices or in the New York City Register's Office. Recording of deeds became mandatory statewide in 1840. Before that many deeds were not recorded.
Marriages Prior to 1784 couples intending to marry were required to obtain licenses from and file bonds with the provincial secretary, if the impending marriage was not announced in a church. These Marriage Bonds were mostly destroyed in the 1911 Capitol fire. Published abstracts are available in Names of persons for whom marriage licenses were issued by the secretary of the province of New York, previous to 1784. (Albany: 1860; repr. with supplements 1984); and in New York Marriage Bonds, 1753-1783, comp. Kenneth Scott (New York: 1972).
Naturalization records are created by the Federal and State courts. State court naturalization records generally remain in custody of the county clerks. Older Federal court naturalization records have been transferred to the National Archives. Photocopies of naturalization documents and indexes for New York City for the period 1792-1906 (both Federal and State courts) are held by the National Archives--Northeast Region, 201 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014.
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Westchester County Surrogate Court Clerk Courthouse, 140 Grand Street, 8th Floor ,
White Plains, NY 10601;
914-995-3734;
records book 1777-1897, Later surrogate court records are at 111 Grove St, Room 702, White Plains 10601;
Original wills to 1941, Letters testamentary and of guardianships, 1787-1897, letters of administration 1787-1897 .
The Surrogate's Court in each county generally has records dating back to the establishment of the county or 1787, whichever was later. Record keeping was systematized by an 1830 statute. Surrogate's Courts maintain records of wills, letters testamentary, letters of administration, orders and decrees, and appointments of guardians; and filed papers, including original wills, petitions for probate (gives date of death and lists next of kin), performance bonds, property inventories (seldom found after ca. 1900), administrator's or executor's accountings, etc. Surrogate's Courts create comprehensive indexes to records and files.
In recent decades many courts have ceased recording documents in books and substituted microfilm recording. Some courts have disposed of old property inventories, which have no continuing legal value. Most Surrogate's Court records are retained permanently because they may document title to real property or the legal status of individuals. Surrogate's Court records statewide occupy over 200,000 cubic feet, with over half a million record retrievals yearly. The court is authorized to charge substantial fees for records searches conducted by court staff. Prior to that time most estates were handled in New York City, the capital until 1797. Before 1787, some wills were recorded in the counties and occasionally in town records.
Westchester County Historian is located at Westchester Historical Archives, 2199 Saw Mill River Rd., Elmsford, NY 10523 . In New York State, every municipality (town, city, village, county) must have an appointed historian. Most of the towns have their own historians as well and each can be contacted. A county historian may be appointed for each county, check for availability.
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Court Records. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Court Records by clicking the link below:
- New York Wills, 1626-1836: This database is a collection of New York citizens' wills from 1626 to 1836 that were recorded in the office of the clerk of the court of appeals, of the county clerk of Albany and of the secretary of state.
- Soundex Index to Petitions for Naturalizations Filed in Federal, State, and Local Courts in New York City, 1792-1906
 : NARA M1674. The Soundex index to naturalization petitions filed in federal, state, and local courts in New York City, including New York, Kings, Queens and Richmond counties, 1792-1906.
- Index to the Naturalization Petitions of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, Jul 1865-Sep 1906
 : NARA M1164. A card index to naturalization petitions filed in the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York from July 1865 through September 1906
- Index to the Naturalization Petitions of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 1906-Nov 1925
 : NARA M1164. A card index to naturalization petitions filed in the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York from October 1907 through November 1925.
- Index to the Naturalization Petitions of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 1865-1957
 : NARA M1164. A card index to naturalization petitions filed in the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York from November 1925 through December 1957.
- >Alphabetical Index to Declarations of Intention of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, 1917-1950
 : NARA M1675. Alphabetical Index to Declarations of Intention of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York, 1917-1950
- Alphabetical Index to Petitions for Naturalization of the US District Court [and Circuit Court] for the Southern District of New York, 1824-1941
 : NARA M1676. Alphabetical Index to Petitions for Naturalization of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York, 1824-1941.
- Alphabetical Index to Petitions for Naturalizations of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York, 1907-1966
 : NARA M1677. Alphabetical Index to Petitions for Naturalizations of the US District Court for the Western District of New York, 1907-1966
- Westchester County, New York Court Books at Amazon.com
- New York Immigration & Emigration Records - Immigration records help the family historian to understand the movements of their ancestry as they relocated to different parts of the world.
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See Also Vital Records in New York
Some documents are just too important to wait six weeks for. With VitalChek Express Certificate Service you won’t have to. Birth, Marriage, Divorce & Death Certificates Signed. Sealed. Delivered. Often in as few as three business days!
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The New York State Department of Health does not file records of births and deaths that occurred in New York City and marriage licenses that were obtained in New York City. To obtain information about genealogy services available for New York City records, please visit the New York City Municipal Archives web page. |
New York State Dept of Health, Vital Records Section, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237; (518) 474-3077, (518) 474-3038 Information, Fax: (518) 432-6286, Vital records registration started in New York State outside of New York City in 1881. Please allow up to approximately 7-8 weeks for processing of all type of certificates when ordered through the mail. Generally, the New York State Department of Health provides uncertified copies of the following types of records for genealogy research purposes:
- Birth, Marriage & Death Certificates: Birth, Marriage & Death records maintained by New York State Dept of Health, since 1881 through the present. Genealogy copies are available for Birth records if on file for at least 75 years and the person whose name is on the certificate is known to be deceased.
Genealogy copies are available for Marriage & Death records if on file for at least 50 years and the person whose name is on the certificate is known to be deceased.
- Divorce Certificates:
Divorce Certificates from Jan 1963. If the records are not available at the State office, they should be available from the County Clerk in the county where the divorce was granted. Since 1847 divorce actions in New York have been handled in the supreme court for the county in which the divorce was heard. New York divorce files, however, are sealed for one hundred years. In colonial times, petitions for divorce had to be made to the governor or legislature, and only a few were granted. The court of chancery granted divorces from 1787 to 1847. These older records are in the State Archives.
Divorce records dating prior to July 1, 1847, are filed either at the New York State Archives (upstate counties) or the New York County Clerk's Office, 31 Chambers Street, New York, NY 10007; phone (212) 374-4376 (downstate counties).
- Cost: $30 - Fee is for verification only.
- Processing Time: 7-8 weeks when ordered by MAIL or 2-5 Days when you order ELECTRONICALLY
- Exceptions: The New York State Department of Health does not file records of birth, death and marriage from the Cities of Albany, Buffalo and Yonkers prior to January 1, 1914. To obtain records from these municipalities contact the Local Registrar for birth and death record requests or the City Clerk for marriage record requests. The addresses follow:
- For birth and death record requests Order Online or submit request to the Local Registrar of the appropriate city:
City of Albany, Room 254M,
City Hall,
Albany, NY 12207
City of Buffalo,
Room 1308,
65 Niagara Square,
Buffalo, NY 14202
City of Yonkers,
Room 107,
City Hall,
Yonkers, NY 10701
- For marriage record requests Order Online or submit request to the City Clerk of the appropriate city:
City Clerk,
City of Albany,
Room 202,
City Hall,
Albany, NY 12207
City Clerk,
City of Buffalo,
Room 1308,
65 Niagara Square,
Buffalo, NY 14202
City Clerk,
City of Yonkers,
Room 107,
City Hall,
Yonkers, NY 10701
Order In Person: The Vital Records Office provides eligible applicants with copies of birth and death certificates for births and deaths in New York State outside of New York City (1881-present), marriage licenses obtained in New York State outside of New York City (1880-present) and dissolution of marriage certificates for all of New York State (1963-present). The certificates may be ordered by coming into this office at 800 North Pearl Street,
2nd Floor - Room 200,
Menands, NY 12204. The Vital Records customer service lobby is open Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. Eastern time, excluding holidays.
Order By Mail: Mail a check or money order (no cash) payable to the "New York Vital Records " along with the necessary information to the following address: New York State Department of Health,
Vital Records Section,
Genealogy Unit,
P.O. Box 2602,
Albany, NY 12220-2602. Please include return address on envelope and application form (Birth Certificate, Death Certificate, Marriage Certificate or Divorce Certificate.
Order On-Line: To obtain a certified copy of a vital record by on-line purchase with a credit card, please link to VitalChek.
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Vital Records. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Vital Records by clicking the link below:
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See Also Research In Census Records
Countywide Records: Federal Population Schedules that exist for Westchester County, New York are 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 (fragment, see below), 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930. Other Federal Schedules to look at when researching your family tree in Westchester County, New York are Industry and Agriculture Schedules availible for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Slave Schedules exist for 1850 & 1860. The Mortality Schedules for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880.There are free downloadable and printable Census forms to help with your research. These include U.S. Census Extraction Forms and U.K. Census Extraction Forms
See Also Statewide Records that exist for New York
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Census Records. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Census Records by clicking the link below:
- New York Census, 1790-1890: This collection contains the following indexes: 1790 Federal Census Index; 1800 Federal Census Index; 1810 Federal Census Index; 1815 Port Arrivals Index; 1820 Federal Census Index; 1830 Federal Census Index; 1840 Federal Census Index; 1840 Pensioners List; 1850 Federal Census Index; 1860 Federal Census Index; 1870 Federal Census Index; 1890 Veterans Schedule; 1890 Naval Veterans Schedule; Early Census Index.
- New York State Census Collection: This database is an index to, with corresponding images of, parts of the 1880, 1892, and 1905 censuses.
- Westchester County, New York Census Books at Amazon.com
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Genealogy Atlas has images of old American atlases during the years 1795, 1814, 1822, 1823, 1836, 1838, 1845, 1856, 1866, 1879 and 1897 for Arkansas and other states.
You can view rotating animated maps for New York showing all the county boundaries for each census year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in county boundaries. You can view a list of maps for other states at Census Maps
You can view rotating animated maps for New York showing all the county boundary changes for each year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in county boundaries. You can view a list of maps for other states and State Department of Transportation Maps at County Maps.
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Maps. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Maps by clicking the link below:
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See Also Military Records in New York
New Yorkers have participated in military efforts since the colonial era. Military records shed light on the lives of soldiers, the struggles of the forces, as well as war's impact on the home front. They offer researchers a unique view of our past.
The uses and value of military records in genealogical research for ancestors who were veterans are obvious, but military records can also be important to re-searchers whose direct ancestors were not soldiers in any war. The fathers, grandfathers, brothers, and other close relatives of an ancestor may have served in a war, and their service or pension records could contain information that will assist in further identifying the family of primary interest. Due to the amount of genealogical information contained in some military pension files, they should never be overlooked during the research process. Those records not containing specific genealogical information are of historic value and should be included in any overall research design.
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Military Records. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Military Records by clicking the link below:
- New York Society of Daughters of the American Revolution
- National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution,
- New York Society of Sons of the American Revolution,
- National Society of Sons of the American Revolution, 1000 South Fourth Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40203; (502) 589-1776
- Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783 from the State of New York
 (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents in NARA publication M246 include muster rolls, payrolls, strength returns, and other miscellaneous personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units, 1775-83.
- Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War from the State of New York
 (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents in NARA publication M246 include muster rolls, payrolls, strength returns, and other miscellaneous personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units, 1775-83.
- Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files from the State of New York
 (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, from NARA publication M804.
- Southern Claims Commission from the State of New York
 (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents In the 1870s, southerners claimed compensation from the U.S. government for items used by the Union Army, ranging from corn and horses, to trees and church buildings.
- Organization Index to Pension Files of Veterans Who Served Between 1861 and 1900 from the State of New York
 (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Pension applications for service in the U.S. Army between 1861 and 1917, grouped according to the units in which the veterans served.
- New York Civil War Records (1861-65): This database gives records of Civil War infantrymen from southeastern New York (79th and 80th infantry units).
- New York Military Equipment Claims, War of 1812: This database is an index of claims presented to the State of New York for payment of expenses for military clothing and equipment provided by volunteers during the war.
- New York Military in the Revolution: This database is a collection of military records relating to the colonial militia during the war.
- Westchester County, New York Military Books at Amazon.com
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See Also Research In Tax Records
Scattered town and precinct tax records for a few years in the 1770s and 1780s and nearly complete lists for the whole state, 1799-1804, are at the New York State Archives, although for the latter period the surviving 1804 rolls cover only delinquent taxes of nonresidents. New York City tax records are at the Municipal Archives. Some early assessment rolls have been published in The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, such as those for New York City, 1730, in volume 95; New Rochelle, 1767, in volume 107; and Ulster County, 1709-21, in volume 62. See also volumes 43-44 of the New-York Historical Society's Collections for New York City assessments 1695-99. A few counties such as Ontario have retained their early tax records, but most do not have them until about 1850 or even later. Many old tax lists are to be found in manuscript collections. Dutchess County is fortunate to have a long series of eighteenth century tax records.
Some of the 1798 U.S. Direct Tax records survive for New York.
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Tax Records. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Tax Records by clicking the link below:
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See Also Other New York Genealogical Addresses
The Repositories
in this section are Archives, Libraries, Museums, Genealogical
and Historical Societies. Many County Historical and Genealogical
Societies publish magazines and/or news letters on a monthly,
quarterly, bi-annual or annual basis. Contacting the local societies
should not be over looked. State Archives and Societies are
usually much larger and better organized with much larger archived
materials than their smaller county cousins but they can be
more generalized and over look the smaller details that local
societies tend to have. Libraries can also be a good place to
look for local information. Some libraries have a genealogy
section and may have some resources that are not located at
archives or societies. Also, take a special look at any museums
in the area. They sometimes have photos and items from years
gone by as well as information of a genealogical interest. All
these places are vitally important to the family genealogist
and must not be passed over.
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Genealogical Addresses. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Genealogical Addresses by clicking the link below:
- Records Center and Archives,
2199 Saw Mill River Rd,
Elmsford, NY 10523;
(914)231-1500,
Fax: ( 914)231-1510, [EMAIL]
- Westchester County Genealogical Society,
P.O. Box 518,
White Plains, NY 10603-0518
- Local New York Researchers, Find a local researcher or become a local researcher.
- New York State Archives and Records Administration, The State Education Department, Cultural Education Center, 11th Floor;
Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12230; (518) 474-8955, [EMAIL]
Referred to here as the New York State Archives for brevity, it was the last such archives to be established in the United States. It houses land and court records, military and tax records, New York state vital records indexes, pre-settlement survey maps, and legislative records.
- New York State Library, Cultural Education Center, 7th Floor, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12230; The state library has a large collection of published and manuscript material on New York, including genealogies and local histories, federal and state censuses, city directories, and periodicals. It is also one of the two depositories for the State of New York DAR collection.
- The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society,
122 East 58th Street, New York, New York 10022-1939; 212-755-8532, Fax: 212-754-4218; A private society, the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society publishes the NYG&B Newsletter and a quarterly, The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. Its library holds much New York State and related material, both for New England and the Mid-Atlantic states. For New York there are censuses, federal and state; a large manuscript collection of church, cemetery, Bible, and other records; and an extensive amount of published family and local histories. Nonmembers can use the library for a small fee, but only members have access to the stacks, manuscripts, and microforms. The library provides a list of area researchers.
- New York State Historical Association, West Lake Road, P.O. Box 800, Cooperstown, New York, 13326-0800
- National Archives--Northeast Region, 201 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014.
- New York Newspapers & Periodicals Records - Newspapers and periodicals are the diaries of local communities. They are excellent sources of family history details - often recorded nowhere else. Look for obituaries, marriages, legal notices, and more found in our Historical Newspaper Archives.
- New York Genealogical Society Books at Amazon.com
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See Also Church & Cemetery Records in New York
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Click Here to Search New York Obituary Records! - This database is a compilation of obituaries published in U.S. newspapers, collected from various online sources. Obituaries can vary in the amount of information they contain, but many of them are genealogical goldmines, including information such as names, dates, places of birth and death, marriage information, and family relationships. |
There are many churches and cemeteries in Westchester County. Some transcriptions are online. A great site is the Westchester County Tombstone Transcription Project.
Many church records, mostly early and particularly for Long Island, New York City, and the Hudson River Valley, have been published in The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record with a large collection of unpublished records maintained by the New York. Particularly useful as vital records substitutes among the surviving New York church records are those of the Dutch Reformed, Lutheran, Anglican, and Quaker groups.
The largest number of New York cemetery records (the bulk of which are actually transcriptions of cemetery marker inscriptions) is found in the multivolume collection of the Daughters of the American Revolution in the State of New York, Church, and Town Records, located at the New York State Library, the New York Public Library, and the DAR Library in Washington, D.C. Scattered volumes are found in other libraries including many local libraries in the area in which a particular cemetery is located.
Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Cemetery & Church Records. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Cemetery & Church Records by clicking the link below:
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When view family trees online or not, be sure to only take the info at face value and always follow up with your own sources or verify the ones they provide. Below is a list of online resources for Westchester County Family Trees, web forums and other family type information. Email us with websites containing Westchester County Family Trees, web forums and other family type information by clicking the link below:
- Search 60 Years Of Everton Data: For the first time ever you can get access to more than 150,000 pedigree files and family group sheets from Evertons. Learn More
- Search the Family Tree DNA Project- Use DNA testing to break through your genealogical barriers!
- Sites on USGenweb: [ Westchester County ] [ New York ] [ Main Page ]
- [GenForum Message Boards] [Rootsweb Message Boards]
- Genealogy Encyclopedia: General Abbreviations, Early Illnesses, Nickname Meanings, Worldwide Epidemics, Early Occupations, Common Terms, Censuses Explained, Free Genealogical Forms
- Nichols and Related Families of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, New York, and Virgina.
- Meet your ancestors. Learn their stories. Start your FREE family tree.
- New York Family & Local History Records - The Family & Local Histories Collection lets you read journals, memoirs, and other first-hand historical narratives right on your computer. Gathered from some of the world's finest libraries, these materials may provide hard-to-find town, county, and state information; tax records and wills; military, church, and court records; as well as photographs, stories, and maps.
- Genealogical Document Search and Retrieval Service
- Westchester County, New York Family Books at Amazon.com
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As one of the original divisions of New York State, Westchester was organized November 1, 1683. Although parts have been taken from its territory by New York City, it still has an area of 448 square miles, with the Hudson as the west boundary and Connecticut and Long Island Sound bordering the east and south. It is distinguished for the striking beauty of the scenery to be seen in almost any part. The undulating uplands near Hastings rise to a height of more than 1,200 feet at the promontory of the northwest corner, St. Anthony's Nose. The valley of the Bronx River, with the depressions of the dozens of other streams, form the gentle landscapes of the interior, where one of the greatest and most unique park systems is being built. Lakes and reservoirs abound, and to the southeast are the green hills and shores of the sound, with their deep indentations and pleasant islands. Countless numbers of residences, from the bungalow to the palace of the wealthy, are scattered all through the County. Every variety of estate, from the small farm to the fenced parks of the millionaire may be seen, and the "estates of the public" are the finest and largest of them all.
The County was once the home of the Mohegan Indians, who occupied the land in great numbers. On September 13, 1609, Henry Hudson anchored the "Half Moon" off the shores where now is situated Yonkers. His reports of the region impressed the thrifty Dutch, and by them were the settlements of the district founded. The first purchases of land from the Indians, north of the Harlem river, were made in 1639, and it is thought that the southern part had some individuals located on it before the end of the next decade. Shortly after 1650 Yonkers had become quite a port. In 1654 there were English buyers of land on the eastern side of the County; the early settlement of the Connecticut side of Westchester began about that time. Years before the Revolution almost every section of the County had its settlers and the population was relatively large.
During the Revolution many of its most important events took place within its borders. It was the middle ground, over-run by both belligerents, and suffered by the contact with both sides. The southern part was taxed 2,000 Pounds May 6, 1784, to repay Revolutionary expenses. Prior to this period the most of the County was embraced in five manors, or covered by five patents: Cortlandt, patent granted 1697; Philipseburgh, 1703; Pelham, 1687; Scarsdale, 1701; and Fordham, 1671. Cortlandt sent a member to the General Assembly, but Philipseburgh was forfeited during the time of the Revolution by reason of the attainder of its lord.
When the district which is now the town of Westchester was bought from the Indians, October, 1642, it was known as Vredeland (land of peace). A settlement was made, called by the Dutch Oostdorp, and by the English, Easttown, which was the first civil division in the district, and later came to be called Westchester town. Colendonck (Yonkers) was the second civil division, 1629, but this place was wiped off the map by the massacre of its residents by the Algonquins in September, 1655. The County as such was erected in 1683, Westchester named as the County town, and the first of the half dozen courthouses that Westchester has had, was built.
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